• br Acknowledgments We thank the anonymous reviewers for thei

  2025-01-13

  

  Acknowledgments We thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript, and also thank Dr. Hans-U. Dahms for his comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation (2009-0071218) funded to Young-Mi Lee. This work was al

• When skeletal muscle ages there is an

  2025-01-13

  

  When skeletal muscle ages, there is an increase in frailty, which is coincident with a decrease in muscle mass and function—this condition is called sarcopenia (Cruz-Jentoft et al., 2010). It has been shown that one of the major pathways downregulated at the onset of sarcopenia is the mitochondrial

• br Model Fig demonstrates the

  2025-01-10

  

  Model Fig. 1 demonstrates the block-scheme of main interactions between variables of the model under investigation. These interactions are described below in details and are expressed in mathematical form as well, where all variables are the functions of space and time coordinates, r and t, which

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion The transc

  2025-01-10

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion The transcriptional activity of PGC-1α is regulated by a number of stimuli, exemplifying the range of settings in which mitochondrial biogenesis is induced. The mechanisms governing this regulation have been extensively studied and have been determin

• GSK461364 receptor br Polymorphic variation ERAP is polymorp

  2025-01-10

  

  Polymorphic variation ERAP1 is polymorphic and several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in its gene that encode amino GSK461364 receptor changes have been associated with predisposition to a variety of diseases, ranging from viral infections to cancer and autoimmunity (Alvarez-Navarro and L

• Analysis of the crystal structures of LAPs from E

  2025-01-10

  

  Analysis of the crystal structures of LAPs from E. coli[29], bovine eye lens [30], Pseudomonas putida[27], tomato [31] and P. falciparum[32] revealed that the monomer of M17-family LAP is composed of two domains: the smaller, variable N-terminal domain and the larger, conserved C-terminal domain tha

• br Concluding remarks Enhanced membrane

  2025-01-10

  

  Concluding remarks Enhanced membrane binding upon calcium stimulation in sbha suggests a pre-requisite step that involves a conformational change in LOX. This might facilitate it to tether to the membrane and regulate enzyme activity. The calcium binding loops and the putative active site entranc

• Folinic acid br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgements We

  2025-01-10

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements We would like to thank Editage (www.editage.jp) for English language editing. This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant Number 24592576. Co-existence of β- and β-adrenergic recept

• The effect of capital deductions on equilibrium prices

  2025-01-10

  

  The effect of capital deductions on equilibrium prices is given by the following comparative statics Thus, equilibrium prices are strictly decreasing in the share of capital cost deduction. The reason is that a higher share of capital cost deduction reduces the effective marginal costs, which makes

• Additional evidence for a putative role of COXs and LOX

  2025-01-10

  

  Additional evidence for a putative role of COXs and 5-LOX in AD derives from pharmacological studies using inhibitors of these enzymes (for review, see Firuzi and Praticò, 2006). In addition to helping delineate the pathobiological mechanisms of AD, these results raise hope for discovering novel the

• Autophagy is a highly conservative intracellular bulk degrad

  2025-01-09

  

  Autophagy is a highly conservative intracellular bulk degradation process including three major forms namely microautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy and macroautophagy. A large number of evidence has depicted a pivotal role for autophagy in the maintenance of cardiac geometry and contractile fu

• br Acknowledgement This work was funded by NIH NINDS

  2025-01-09

  

  Acknowledgement This work was funded by NIH/NINDS grant number NS080967 to C. Waites. Introduction Macro-autophagy also called autophagy is a conserved pathway for the lysosomal degradation and recycling of intracellular materials. It is instrumental for the homeostasis of cells and tissues a

• Several approved and or experimental drugs together with nat

  2025-01-09

  

  Several approved and/or experimental drugs, together with natural compounds, have been reported to induce autophagy in different cancer types [70], [71], [72] (Table 1). In the next paragraphs, we will review more in detail a group of these agents selected in relation to their promising future outco

• An alternative more rarely used electron microscopy based ap

  2025-01-09

  

  An alternative, more rarely used, electron microscopy-based approach exploits labeling of phagosomes with DAMP (3-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-30-amino-N-methyldipropylamine). DAMP is a weakly basic compound which is membrane-impermeable once it has been protonated. This way, DAMPH+ accumulates in acidic in

• In our studies of leucine and BCH in pancreatic islets

  2025-01-09

  

  In our studies of leucine and BCH in pancreatic islets and clonal insulin cell lines, we noticed that leucine was a slightly stronger stimulant of insulin release. Previous studies showed that leucine can be metabolized to CO2[11], [12], [13], [14] and can increase acetoacetate in pancreatic islets

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